广元千佛崖摩崖造像保护建筑试验段工程，四川，中国

—中国建筑 全球视野 学术思辨 文化自信—

—中国建筑 全球视野 学术思辨 文化自信—

{"ops":[{"attributes":{"size":"16px","bold":true},"insert":"广元千佛崖摩崖造像保护建筑试验段工程，四川，中国"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"16px","bold":true},"insert":"The Experimental Structure of the Conservational Architecture of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions, Sichuan, China, 2016"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1"},"insert":"建筑设计：清华大学建筑设计研究院"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1"},"insert":"Architect：Architectural Design & Research Institute of Tsinghua University Co.,Ltd."},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671139536.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"从嘉陵江上望建筑西侧立面"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"四川广元千佛崖摩崖造像始建于1700年前的北魏时期，由于风化严重，2014年国家文物局审批通过了针对一小部分石窟的试验段工程，要求探索一种有效保护使其避免遭受风雨侵蚀的方法。设计延续了四川地区为石窟建设窟檐的传统，以监测数据为基础，利用现代建筑技术提供更有利于保护的物理环境，并使其融入整体景观环境。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671139834.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"剖面"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"我们选择建造一层可以均匀透气的表皮，为石窟提供能呼吸的“皮肤”—瓦幕墙系统作为建筑的整体表皮—包括墙身和屋面，确保了空间的通透性。它首先遮挡了雨水和西晒的直射阳光，并降低了经过窟龛表面的风速，于此同时，瓦幕墙系统形成的半室外空间又能使内外空气以恰当的速度得到充分流通，解决了传统窟檐因局部通风不畅导致该部分长期温湿度过高造成残损的问题。为了保证夏季自然通风，也根据通风计算模型在西立面上开设洞口，而建筑的南侧全部敞开。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"为了最低限度干扰文物本体，建筑结构生根于崖壁的平坎，靠悬臂系统形成保护棚罩，甚至不碰触石窟所在的崖壁，同时为减少施工对石窟所在崖壁带来的扰动，采用了深18m的人工挖孔桩，作为悬臂的根基。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671139788.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"建筑结构不触碰崖面以实现最小干预"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"在建筑中设置了多媒体盒子，用多媒体手段同时近距离讲解石窟的价值，也为未来更先进的阐释手段预留了可能性。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671139904.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"植入室内用于讲解的多媒体盒子"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"此工程是我国在石窟保护领域第一次尝试采用综合的现代建筑技术手段解决保护问题，是一次很有挑战性的尝试。到目前为止，监测数据表明这座建筑很有效地保护了石窟，同时它也为观赏者提供了更多的角度，建筑本身也成为了一处有趣的景观，吸引了很多年轻人来观赏古老的摩崖造像。"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1"},"insert":"□"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671139832.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"瓦幕墙系统形成柔和的光影效果"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"项目信息"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"客户: 广元千佛崖石刻艺术博物馆"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"主创建筑师: 崔光海"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"设计团队: 安心默，揭小凤，伍凯凯，李京，马智刚，汪静，刘力红"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"建筑面积: 410m"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#000000","script":"super"},"insert":"2"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"造价: 18.8M CNY"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"设计时间: 2014-2016"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"竣工时间: 2016.12.03"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"绘图: 清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"摄影: 五季"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671139853.jpg"}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"建筑西立面"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671139834.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"细部"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"评论"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"燕达："},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"摩崖造像多露天且易受恶劣气候条件影响，而往往由于地理位置的原因又难做保护。该保护工程以传统的屋面材料瓦片为基本元素，搭建得到的瓦片墙既保证了一定的遮光性能，同时又保证了一定的照度，不影响摩崖造像的正常参观活动，且由于瓦片墙特殊的结构纹理为整个空间带来了新的光环境的可能性和趣味性。另外，这种半室外空间既解决了石刻易受风吹雨淋的问题，又通过模拟计算的结果特别地开设洞口，从而不影响空间内正常的自然通风。为摩崖石刻保护工程的设计提供了一种新的可能性。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"肖毅强："},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"石崖上简洁的建筑形体让人印象深刻。作为一个功能性较强的构筑物，设计很好地满足了要求。构筑物在不同的界面上采取了不同的策略，上部屋面可以遮雨透光，而垂直立面的通透处理如同为后面石崖上的佛像罩上面纱。构筑的平台和多媒体盒子满足了公众介入文物保护活动的需要。瓦片这一乡土材料的运用，体现了对国情下手工艺文化的认同。瓦与土、石等场地材料取得了天然的亲近感。从正立面表皮上看，无法确定开辟的洞口位置和数量与后面石像窟是否有什么关系；而构筑物的结构表达也存在着其他更为恰当的可能性。显然，如何节制地操作设计，而不是做过了堕入“手法主义”，本项目做出了很好的尝试。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1558671140070.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"建筑与环境"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]}