201904 沙里夫哈住宅，德黑兰，伊朗 2013

—中国建筑 全球视野 学术思辨 文化自信—

—中国建筑 全球视野 学术思辨 文化自信—

{"ops":[{"attributes":{"size":"16px","bold":true},"insert":"沙里夫哈住宅，德黑兰，伊朗"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"16px","bold":true},"insert":"Sharifi-ha House, Tehran, Iran, 2013"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1"},"insert":"建筑设计：下一个建筑工作室"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1"},"insert":"Architect: Nextoffice"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817182.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"动态立面"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"沙里夫哈住宅设计理念的核心是不确定性和灵活性。室内空间的氛围和品质加之颇为形式化的外观，是对建筑体旋转空间的直接回应，可开启/闭合的旋转体使其获得或内向或外向的特征。这些变化会随季节更迭或平面功能场景的变化而发生。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"与许多其他城市地块一样，该项目用地的面宽明显短于进深。因此，在将二维立面向三维立面转换的过程中，我们的专业知识变得不可或缺。可开启/闭合的体块参考了伊朗的传统住宅，使其能够为居民提供季节性的动态居住模式——冬季客厅泽曼斯坦和夏季客厅塔巴斯坦。夏季，沙里夫哈住宅提供了一个开敞、通透、多排风孔且带有宽大露台的空间。与之相对，在德黑兰寒冷多雪的冬天，该体块可自行闭合，在完全不需要夏季露台的情况下提供最小的开口。该项目挑战了类型学中内向与外向的概念，使居住建筑令人兴奋的空间转换成为可能。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817578.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"动态立面"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817635.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"动态立面"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"住宅共7层，两层地下室分别用于家庭聚会和健身，首层是停车场及客房。公共活动都集中在二三层，四五层则是房主起居的私密空间。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"项目由固定结构空间、中庭空隙、固定空间和移动空间4部分组成。当旋转体闭合时，住宅经由中庭空隙获得采光，同时也将两个固定空间连接起来。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817644.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"动态立面"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817632.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"分析图"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"该住宅能适应居住者不同的功能需求。例如，位于三层的客房可根据不同使用目的重新配置。位于二层旋转体内的办公空间和四层旋转体内的餐厅，均可根据使用者的意愿改变其形式。换句话说，总有不同的场景可以满足季节或光线条件的变化，其中一些功能已涵盖在BMS程序中。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"设计之初，我们注意到室外有3棵松树可以很好地融入室内空间。现在，当住宅处于“开启模式”时，窗与树形成了令人愉悦的框景。退红线约3m后，我们得以为置于地下的玻璃水景提供充足的日光。健身区位于水景和地下泳池之间，经过反射的粼粼水影充满了整个空间。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817683.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"水景和分析图"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"将工业技术应用在旋转装置上其实很简单。类似的形式也被用来调节舞台场景，并应用在伊朗车展、钢构企业及船舶行业的地面调控当中。栏杆细部及通风控制，是研发旋转体时需要考虑的主要问题。设计折叠式的栏杆并细化箱体边缘，成为切实可行的解决方案。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817634.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"分析图"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"鉴于该建筑的特性，必然有其定制的结构系统。在对结构进行数字建模后，我们进行了一系列SAP2000分析，来检查所提议系统的静态及动态性能。可移动的部分组件是该结构的显著特征，这也是德国结构制造商首先要考虑的事情。全部荷载都传导在客厅的梁上。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"由于旋转体的构造各不相同，其载重是根据系统最大荷载值计算的。此外，为防止结构形变，在结构设计/计算过程中也对旋转体可能发生的振动进行了管控。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"该住宅被命名为沙里夫哈，是为致敬传统的伊朗府邸。"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"□"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"（天妮 译）"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"项目信息"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"客户: Mojgan Zare Nayeri, Farshad Sharifi Nikabadi"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"设计团队: Alireza Taghaboni, Rouholah Rasouli, Farideh AghaMohammadi, Shahnaz Goharbakhsh, Mojtaba Moradi, Negar Rahnamazadeh, Asal Karami, Majid Jahangiri, Masoud Saghi, Hossein Naghavi, Fatemeh Tabatabaeian, Iman Jalilvand"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"细部设计助理: Hamid Mohammadi, Amir Taleshi"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"监督: Alireza Taghaboni, Shahnaz Goharbakhsh"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"建造: Imen Sazeh Fadak Co."},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"景观设计顾问: Babak Sadri, Omid Abbass Fardi"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"结构设计: S. Fallahi"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"机械顾问: Hoofar Esmaeili"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"电气顾问: Mohammad Torkamani"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"旋转系统: Bumat Company"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"绘图: Nextoffice"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"摄影: Parham Taghioff, Salar Motahari, Majid Jahangiri"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608817961.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"外景"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"评论"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","color":"#0099a1","bold":true},"insert":"张宇峰："},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"显然，最大的兴奋点在于想象空间而非实际存在。房间的多角度旋转会瞬间改变空间与阳光的关系，如配以追踪太阳式的控制，似能灵活、全面地掌控每时每刻的阳光需求。这不禁让人联想到中国的一个古老智慧：在传统民居和院落中，人们择地而栖，因时因地寻找着适应气候的舒适角落，现代科技赋予了这一智慧重生的更多可能。还有多变空间、全生命周期居住等现代城市衍生的真实需要，似乎都能在其中找到可实现的技术和设计路径。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"insert":{"image":"/uploads/images/upload-1556608818987.jpg"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#888888","size":"12px"},"insert":"内景"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","bold":true},"insert":"来自技术专家的点评"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"size":"14px","bold":true},"insert":"冯雅："},{"attributes":{"size":"14px"},"insert":"不确定性和灵活性住宅设计理念是现代人的追求，该建筑在室内空间形态变化和建筑立面变化上独具创新，使其能够为人提供季节性的动态居住模式不同的环境要求。建筑空间形态变化创造出夏季开敞、通透、良好通风且带有宽大露台的空间；相应在寒冷多雪的冬天，形成自行闭合紧凑的温暖空间，使居住建筑令人兴奋的空间转换成为可能。但建筑遮阳利用了传统的固定结构空间、中庭空隙、固定空间和移动空间相互遮挡组成，相对遮阳系统简单、固定，无创新性。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"}]}